{"id":2640,"date":"2019-04-05T19:57:44","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T16:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/?p=2640"},"modified":"2019-05-07T14:10:45","modified_gmt":"2019-05-07T11:10:45","slug":"goc-ve-kadin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/goc-ve-kadin\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Kad\u0131n"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Kad\u0131n: Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk Kad\u0131n\u0131 ve Zorla Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma S\u00fcreci (1984-89)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prof. Dr. Hasine \u015een Karadeniz<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay \u00f6nce Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n BTv kanal\u0131nda \u201c2 Versiyon- Soya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f S\u00fcreci Hakk\u0131nda Anlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f \u00d6yk\u00fcler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir belgesel yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu belgeselin 1. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 1984-89 d\u00f6neminde Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Belene kamp\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015filerle yap\u0131lan s\u00f6yle\u015filerden olu\u015fuyor. Filmin 2. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise bu olaylar\u0131 her Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131n\u0131 donduracak, 30 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131racak bir perspektiften, \u201csoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen etnik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 kurgulayan ve uygulayan ki\u015filerin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sunuyor. 1984-89\u2019da ya\u015fanan zorla Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin nedenleri ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilme \u015fekli tamamen \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor,\u00a0 devletin uygulamalar\u0131 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin \u00fclkelerini b\u00f6lme etkinliklerine ve say\u0131s\u0131z ter\u00f6r faaliyetine ba\u011flan\u0131yor.\u00a0 Belgeselin sonunda telaffuz edilen \u201c[bu s\u00fcre\u00e7] , \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir n\u00fcfusun entegre edilmesinin imkans\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir,\u201d\u00a0 s\u00f6zleri, T\u00fcrklerin \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Bulgarlar oldu\u011fu tezine dayand\u0131r\u0131lan \u201csoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d ideolojisinin Bulgaristan\u2019da hala canl\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. E\u011fer bir yerde bir toplum zorla insan haklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, bu olay\u0131n ikinci versiyonundan s\u00f6z edilebilir mi? Kurban\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc cell\u00e2d\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcyle yan yana sunman\u0131n, kurbana uygulanan zulm\u00fc me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir amac\u0131 olamaz.<\/p>\n

Bu belgeselde \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131larak sunulan olaylar\u0131 hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m: Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin en sanc\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketi, \u015f\u00fcphesiz, B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7 olarak an\u0131lan 1989 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. 2.5 ay gibi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 360 bin ki\u015finin do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri topraklar\u0131 terk etmesine neden olan en \u00f6nemli etken, \u00a0Bulgaristan h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 1984\u2019te ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemli Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin isimleri Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmalar\u0131 yasakland\u0131, etnik kimli\u011fini ve dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden her t\u00fcr sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel faaliyet yasakland\u0131. Ancak Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri boyun e\u011fmedi, kimlik koruma \u00e7abalar\u0131 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda \u2018May\u0131s Bar\u0131\u015f Hareketleri\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerle doru\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerde \u00f6nderlik edenlere 24 saat i\u00e7inde \u00fclkeyi terk etme emrinin verilmesiyle B\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6\u00e7 dram\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Bulgaristan\u2019da verilen kimlik m\u00fccadelesinde etkin bir rol oynayan Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 sonras\u0131nda da\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye<\/a>\u2019nin ekonomik ve sosyal hayat\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131, \u00fclkenin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na ciddi katk\u0131lar sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu toplant\u0131ya haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken bildiri metnimi T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n 1984-89 s\u00fcrecindeki yerini somut \u00f6yk\u00fclerle anlatmay\u0131 planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Konu\u015fmam\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda and\u0131\u011f\u0131m belgesel bana kendi \u00f6yk\u00fclerimizi \u0131srarla anlatmam\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu bir kez daha hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok basit bir kural\u0131 var zira: bir toplum ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 unutursa, bu konuda sessiz kal\u0131rsa, onun tarihini ba\u015fkalar\u0131, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yazar. S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim belgeselde de maalesef bunun kan\u0131t\u0131na rastl\u0131yoruz. Bu filmde, \u00f6rne\u011fin, 1984\u2019teki g\u00f6sterilerde bir bebe\u011fin annesinin kuca\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, kalabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan ezilerek \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Belgeselde s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen \u00e7ocuk, her Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fcn bildi\u011fi\u00a0T\u00fcrkan bebek\u2019<\/strong>tir, ama annesinin kuca\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp ezilerek de\u011fil, devlet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin silah\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan mermiyle\u00a0\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen<\/em>\u00a0T\u00fcrkan bebek. T\u00fcrkan Feyzullah zorunlu isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 26 Aral\u0131k \u201984\u2019te yap\u0131lan protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinde Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin verdi\u011fi ilk \u00fc\u00e7 kurbandan biridir (di\u011ferleri Ay\u015fe Hasan ve Musa Yakup). O g\u00fcn T\u00fcrkan daha 17 ayl\u0131kt\u0131r, ama annesi Fatma\u2019n\u0131n kuca\u011f\u0131nda, babas\u0131 Feyzullah ile birlikte o da y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere yola koyulur, hava so\u011fuk ve karl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen evde kimse kalmaz, ya\u015fl\u0131lar dahi T\u00fcrk isimlerini korumak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131l\u0131r. Benkovski\u2019nin Kirli k\u00f6y\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kan kalabal\u0131k Mogilane\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda silahl\u0131 askerlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. \u00a0Silah sesleri duyuldu\u011funda Fatma, \u00e7ocu\u011fu s\u0131rt\u0131nda, kocas\u0131n\u0131 polislerin elinden kurtarmakla me\u015fguld\u00fcr. Arkas\u0131ndan gelen \u201cKan, kan, Fatma abla, sizden ak\u0131yor\u201d sesini duyunca hemen s\u0131rt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011funu kuca\u011f\u0131na al\u0131r. Anne Fatma\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131 o anda durur, omzunun \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en kur\u015fun, T\u00fcrkan\u2019\u0131n aln\u0131na isabet etmi\u015ftir. Protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flerinin bu ilk ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kurban\u0131, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin m\u00fccadelesinin sembol\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Mestanl\u0131 meydan\u0131nda da bir miting yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, yerel parti yetkilileriyle konu\u015fmak \u00fczere bir heyet olu\u015fturur. Bu heyetin i\u00e7inde gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n da yer al\u0131r. Bu, ismini Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk tarihine \u201cad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyen tek T\u00fcrk\u201d olarak yazd\u0131racak\u00a0H\u00fcsniye Atasoy<\/strong>\u2019<\/strong>dur. Kalabal\u0131k, yan\u0131t olarak kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda silahl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini g\u00f6r\u00fcr. H\u00fcsniye han\u0131m, di\u011fer heyet \u00fcyeleriyle birlikte tutuklan\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan da cezaevine g\u00f6nderilir. Belene\u2019de kad\u0131nlara ait ko\u011fu\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Plevne cezaevinde yatar. Orada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca ailesinden hi\u00e7 kimse nerede oldu\u011funu bilmez, i\u015fkencelere maruz kal\u0131r (derin dondurucuya at\u0131l\u0131r, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc var say\u0131larak morga g\u00f6nderilir) ama isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme dilek\u00e7esini imzalamaz. \u0130lk s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilenler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bursa\u2019ya yerle\u015fir ancak zihninde Bulgaristan\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2buslar\u0131 ya\u015famaya devam eder, dayanamay\u0131p kendini 2004\u2019te alevlere verip \u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu o Kas\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar.<\/p>\n

Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadeleyi do\u011fru kaynaklardan okuyup \u00f6\u011frenmek son derece \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0Prof. Dr. Zeynep Zafer<\/strong>\u2019in \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin 1984-1989 Eritme Politikas\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Direni\u015fi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesi, hem bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan, hem bu m\u00fccadelenin \u015fahsen bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 dikkate de\u011fer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.\u00a0 1958 Kornitsa\/Blagoevgrad do\u011fumlu Zeynep Zafer bu d\u00f6nemde iki y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na mahkum edilir, akabinde de s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir. Zafer makalesinde bu s\u00fcrecin legal direni\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini de anlat\u0131yor. Toplumsal bir s\u00fcreci bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerle sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in makalesinde kendi kimli\u011fini -Zeynep \u0130brahimova- if\u015fa etmiyor ve olaylar\u0131 kendi katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmadan, tevazu ile aktar\u0131yor. Makaleden, Zeynep \u0130brahimova\u2019n\u0131n 16 Ocak 1988\u2019de kurulan ve ilk Bulgar legal m\u00fccadele olu\u015fumu olan\u00a0Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi<\/em>\u2019ne Mihaylovgrad b\u00f6lgesinde s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeyken kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyoruz (Zafer, 35). Bu kurulu\u015fun T\u00fcrk kanad\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 sayesinde iki Frans\u0131z gazetesi Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri ile ilgili haberler yay\u0131mlar ve Ocak \u201989\u2019da Fransa lideri Mitterand, Bulgaristan ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda muhalif sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin temsilcileriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebinde bulunur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme listesine Zeynep Zafer (Zeynep \u0130brahimova Mustafova) de al\u0131n\u0131r ancak g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri olaydan haberdar olunca listede yer alan ki\u015filer tutuklan\u0131r ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Zafer\u2019in makalesi m\u00fccadelede rol oynayan ba\u015fka kad\u0131nlarla ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar da sunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6rne\u011fin 20 May\u0131s \u201989\u2019da Kliment\u2019te yap\u0131lan protesto y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde \u201cK\u0131ymet ismindeki gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n, halka hitaben co\u015fkulu bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fclten Osmanova isminde bir kad\u0131n\u0131n, yetkililere konu\u015farak, tutuklu olan bir erke\u011fin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,\u201d Ay\u015fe Fettova isminde bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcr Avrupa Radyosu temsilcisi Rumyana Uzunuva\u2019ya\u00a0\u015eumnu<\/a>\u2019da 24 May\u0131sta yap\u0131lan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f hakk\u0131nda bilgi verdi\u011fini \u00f6\u011freniyoruz (40-42).<\/p>\n

Zafer\u2019in son yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olan\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Kogato mi otneha imeto\/\u0130smim Elimden Al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/em>\u00a0ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Bulgaristan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu s\u00fcre\u00e7le ilgili yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0Bulgarca<\/a>\u00a0\u00e7evirilerinden olu\u015fan bir antoloji. Bu olaylarla ilgili ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tma \u00e7abalar\u0131na \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz bir ortamda, Bulgar okurunun ya\u015fananlar\u0131 birinci elden \u00f6\u011frenmesi son derece \u00f6nemli. Bu anlamda Prof. Dr. Zeynep Zafer\u2019in bu kitab\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin devam\u0131 olarak nitelendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

1984-89 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uygulanan bask\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fahsen ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin son y\u0131llarda an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kaleme almas\u0131, bu d\u00f6neme birinci elden \u015fahitlik edecek belgeler olu\u015fturmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kayda de\u011fer bir geli\u015fmedir. Be\u015f an\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan olu\u015fan\u00a0Tarihe Not D\u00fc\u015fmek: 1989 G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc Kitap Serisi<\/em>\u00a0bunun g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi. Be\u015f kitab\u0131n bir tanesinin bir kad\u0131na (H\u00fcsniye Berraksu) ait olmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya \u00f6zel bir anlam da kat\u0131yor zira erkek yazarlar\u0131n anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak H\u00fcsniye Berraksu, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131z isteme, ni\u015fan, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00f6renleri, yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc gibi temel \u00f6\u011felerine dair ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar da sunuyor. Burada s\u00f6zl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrde oldu\u011fu gibi, yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrde de gelenek aktar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda asli g\u00f6revin kad\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1956 Mestanl\u0131, Tokmakl\u0131dere do\u011fumlu H\u00fcsniye Berraksu\u2019nun \u00f6zya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn merkezinde zorla ad de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci, karde\u015fi Ahmet\u2019in bu olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Belene adas\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesi, kendisinin ise kocas\u0131 Bekir ile Vidin b\u00f6lgesine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi yer al\u0131yor. Kitapta 1984 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde ya\u015fananlar \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle dile getirilmi\u015f:<\/p>\n

Polisler ilk \u00f6nce a\u011fabeyimin ellerini kelep\u00e7elemi\u015f ve ba\u015f\u0131na iki polis b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. Di\u011fer 3 polis, evin i\u00e7ine girip\u2026 her yeri didik didik aram\u0131\u015f. Evin tavan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p\u2026 dedemin 50 adet Kuran-\u0131 Kerim kitab\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015flar\u2026 a\u011fabeyimi ve kitaplar\u0131 al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler\u2026 Onu al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrmelerinin nedeni\u2026 (isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131) yap\u0131lan protestoya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131\u2026 (E\u015fim) Bekir eve gelmeyince polislerin onu da g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlad\u0131k. (73)<\/p>\n

H\u00fcsniye Berraksu isimlerin silah zoruyla nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fine de yer veriyor:<\/p>\n

Polisler, gruplar halinde k\u00f6y\u00fc basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ben eve geldi\u011fimde evde 5 polis vard\u0131\u2026[E] llerindeki dillek\u00e7eler doldurulmu\u015f; bizden sadece bir imza atmam\u0131z\u0131 istiyorlard\u0131; hatta Bulgar isimleri bile kendileri yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Herkes i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk isimlerin ilk harfine uygun Bulgar isimleri belirlenmi\u015fti\u2026 Dilek\u00e7eyi okudum, kendi iste\u011fimizle ismimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz yaz\u0131yordu. \u0130mza atmak istemedim; ancak polisin biri elindeki silah\u0131 g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcme dayad\u0131, \u201cAt imzay\u0131!\u201d dedi ve bana imzay\u0131 silah zoruyla att\u0131rd\u0131. (75)<\/p>\n

Berraksu, uygulanan yasaklar\u0131 da dile getiriyor \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde:<\/p>\n

\u0130ki ki\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, e\u011fer Bulgarca konu\u015fmak istemiyorlarsa, sadece i\u015faret diliyle selamla\u015f\u0131yordu. (Ben bizim k\u00f6yde bakkalda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum.) K\u00f6ydeki Bulgar \u00f6\u011fretmenler\u2026 adeta ba\u015f\u0131mda bekliyordu. Bulgarca konu\u015fmam i\u00e7in beni s\u00fcrekli uyar\u0131yorlard\u0131. Fakat k\u00f6yde ya\u015fayan herkes T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ben hi\u00e7 kimseyle Bulgarca konu\u015fmuyordum. Bu sebeple maa\u015f\u0131mdan her ay 20 leva para kesiliyordu. (78)<\/p>\n

Ama T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck cezalara de \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bu sanc\u0131l\u0131 y\u0131llarda. H\u00fcsniye Berraksu bir kom\u015fusunun hapse g\u00f6nderili\u015fini bir kad\u0131n ve anne olman\u0131n hassasiyetiyle dile getiriyor anlat\u0131s\u0131nda:<\/p>\n

Erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcnnet ettirmek yasakland\u0131\u2026 Mustafao\u011fullar\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde iki aile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 gizlice s\u00fcnnet ettirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n anneleri iki y\u0131l hapse mahkum edildi\u2026 Bayramda kurban kesmek, camilere Cuma namaz\u0131na gitmek, cenaze namaz\u0131 k\u0131lmak, meftalar\u0131 y\u0131kamak\u2026hepsi yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (79).<\/p>\n

Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin \u201984-89 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli bir kayna\u011f\u0131 da\u00a0Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong>\u00a0bu konudaki say\u0131s\u0131z \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fiirleridir. Zorla Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma olaylar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n \u015fairin eserine de yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Emine Hocao\u011flu, Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131lar\u0131, \u201cBiz\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fiirinde dile getiriyor:<\/p>\n

T\u00f6ren \u015fenlik bilemedik,<\/p>\n

Namaz vakti namaz k\u0131lamad\u0131k<\/p>\n

Ezan vakti ezan\u0131 duyamad\u0131k<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk do\u011furduk ad\u0131n\u0131 koyamad\u0131k,<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fc g\u00f6md\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dikemedik\u201d (Yenisoy, 1997, s. 449).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resmiye M\u00fcm\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri\u201d eseri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 cezaland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerinin daha kapsaml\u0131 bir resmini \u00e7izmekte:<\/p>\n

Zindanlarda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu ayd\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi pek \u00e7ok yazar\u0131m\u0131z<\/p>\n

Belene\u2019de yatt\u0131 nice kahraman\u0131m\u0131z<\/p>\n

Anavatan\u2019a ka\u00e7t\u0131 bir\u00e7ok akrabam\u0131z\u201d (2014).<\/p>\n

Emine Hocao\u011flu\u2019nun \u015fiiri, an\u0131lmaya de\u011fer ba\u015fka bir Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn eserinde,\u00a0 Hayriye Yenisoy\u2019un haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131 Antolojisinde yer al\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l kaybetti\u011fimiz\u00a0Prof. Dr. Hayriye Yenisoy<\/strong>\u2019un\u00a0Edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda Balkan T\u00fcrklerinin G\u00f6\u00e7 Kaderi\u00a0<\/em>\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da bu alana \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lardan biridir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel T\u00fcrk R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi, Sofya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc,\u00a0K\u0131rcaali<\/a>\u00a0T\u00fcrk Okulu, Eski Za\u011fra \u00d6\u011fretmen Uzmanla\u015fma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk Okullar\u0131\u201d B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Sofya \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 bu liste 1934 Kri\u00e7im (K\u0131r\u00e7ma) do\u011fumlu Hayriye S\u00fcleymano\u011flu\u2019nun okudu\u011fu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurumlardan olu\u015fuyor ve \u015fahsi hayat\u0131n\u0131n Bulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin nispeten \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir ortamdan ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u201984-89 d\u00f6nemine ge\u00e7i\u015fini \u00f6rneklendiriyor.<\/p>\n

Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n en se\u00e7kin ayd\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olarak Hayriye S\u00fcleymano\u011flu da bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Evine yap\u0131lan bask\u0131nlarda sahip oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitaplar, T\u00fcrk folkloru ile ilgili toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemelere ve ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131na el konulur. O anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sofya \u00dcniversitesi y\u00f6netimi, \u00dcniversite matbaas\u0131nda bas\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda olan Bulgarca-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\/T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Bulgarca Tematik S\u00f6zl\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn yok edilmesini ister, ancak kitap komisyon karar\u0131yla \u00dcniversitenin bodrumunda kilit alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r. Hayriye S\u00fcleymano\u011flu\u2019nun ise hak kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u00e7entlik atamas\u0131 durdurulur, hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r, yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 y\u0131l boyunca Sofya Elektrokar Fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. 1989\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eder ve Yenisoy soyad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Demokratik y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7en Bulgaristan\u2019da kilit alt\u0131nda tutulan s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kazan\u0131r, do\u00e7entlik unvan\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde resmile\u015fir (K\u0131rcaali Haber, 24 Mart 2018).<\/p>\n

1991\u2019de Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesinde Bulgar Dili ve Edebiyat\u0131 Anabilim Dal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu olur, 2004\u2019te T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Yazarlar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131na Hizmet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu somut kad\u0131n portrelerinden sonra \u201989 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne biraz daha geni\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bakacak olursak, \u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun e\u011fitimli ve i\u015f sahibi oldu\u011funu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda fark g\u00f6zetilmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek durumda olan t\u00fcm aile bireylerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamak yerinde olur zira bu unsurlar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye uyum sa\u011flamalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran temel etkenlerdir. \u00a0\u201989 Bulgaristan g\u00f6\u00e7meni kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik hayat\u0131n (\u00fcretim, hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi) her alan\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131, Bursa, \u0130zmir, Tekirda\u011f gibi g\u00f6\u00e7men n\u00fcfusunun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde yerel ekonominin ve sosyal hayat\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konu\u015fmam\u0131 daha \u00f6nce dile getirdi\u011fim bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi tekrarlayarak bitirece\u011fim: Bir toplum ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 unutursa, bu konuda sessiz kal\u0131rsa, onun tarihini ba\u015fkalar\u0131, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yeniden yazar. Bu anlamda 1984-89 d\u00f6nemi ve bu s\u00fcrece zemin haz\u0131rlayan olaylar unutulmamal\u0131, ya\u015fananlar anlat\u0131lmal\u0131, yaz\u0131lmal\u0131. \u00d6yk\u00fclerini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bize bu yolda \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Berraksu, H\u00fcsniye. Rodop\u2019tan Ege\u2019ye. Tarihe Not D\u00fc\u015fmek: 1989 G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc Kitap Serisi. (Haz. H.Mevsim ve M. Kutlay), Ankara: USAK, 2013.<\/p>\n

Dnevnik, 5 \u015eubat 2019. \u201cZeynep Zafer: Nasilstvenoto pob\u0131lgaryavane i progonvane ot rodinata ne biva da se omalojava.\u201d<\/p>\n

Efendiev, Hikmet.\u201dFarkl\u0131 Olmak ne G\u00fczel.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0Bult\u00fcrk<\/em>\u00a0Gazetesi, 1 May\u0131s 2007<\/p>\n

M\u00fcm\u00fcn, Resmiye.\u00a0 (2014).\u00a0http:\/\/www.antoloji.com\/resmiye-mumun\/siirleri\/<\/a>\u00a0(eri\u015fim: 12 Aral\u0131k 2014).<\/p>\n

Yenisoy, Hayriye S\u00fcleyman.\u00a0 (1997).\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk Edebiyatlar\u0131 Antolojisi<\/em>:\u00a0Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk Edebiyat\u0131<\/em>, 8.cilt, Ankara: K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zafer, Zeynep. \u201cBulgaristan T\u00fcrklerinin 1984-1989 Eritme Politikas\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Direni\u015f\u201dAkademik Bak\u0131\u015f Cilt 3 Say\u0131 6 Yaz 2010 27-44<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Kad\u0131n: Bulgaristan T\u00fcrk Kad\u0131n\u0131 ve Zorla Bulgarla\u015ft\u0131rma S\u00fcreci (1984-89) Prof. Dr. Hasine \u015een Karadeniz Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay \u00f6nce Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n BTv kanal\u0131nda \u201c2 Versiyon- Soya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f S\u00fcreci Hakk\u0131nda Anlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f \u00d6yk\u00fcler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir belgesel yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2641,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duyuru","category-yazilar"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hasine-sen.jpg?fit=517%2C661&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc3fMN-GA","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2640"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2640\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bulturk.org.tr\/v2\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}